Angle measuring method and angle measuring system

ABSTRACT

An angle measuring system including: a rotary encoder including an encoder main body and a rotating shaft which is freely rotatable with respect to the encoder main body, the rotary encoder which detects a relative rotation angle of the rotating shaft with respect to the encoder main body; a regulation member which regulates an absolute rotation angle of the encoder main body about the rotating shaft within a fixed range; an absolute angle detecting device which detects the absolute rotation angle of the encoder main body about the rotating shaft concurrently with detection of the relative rotation angle by the rotary encoder; and a correction device which corrects the rotation angle detected by the rotary encoder based on the rotation angle detected by the absolute angle detecting device.

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/750,643, filed Jun. 25, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/856,061, filed Apr. 3, 2013, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an angle measuring method and an angle measuring system, which can be suitably used in a technical field that requires accurate measurement of the rotation angle of a rotor.

2. Description of the Related Art

In order to accurately measure indexing accuracy of a rotor in a machine tool or the like, an angle measuring method using a polygon mirror and an autocollimator (hereinafter referred to as a “polygon mirror method”) or an angle measuring method using a Hirth coupling and a laser interferometer (hereinafter referred to as a “Hirth coupling method”) has conventionally been performed.

The polygon mirror method includes measuring a difference between the rotation angle of an object to be measured on which a polygon mirror is mounted and the angle of the polygon mirror by a high-accuracy autocollimator.

The Hirth coupling method includes rotating an object to be measured to which a Hirth coupling is attached to be a predetermined target angular displacement, counter-rotating the Hirth coupling by an amount corresponding to the target angular displacement after decoupling the Hirth coupling, and comparing the sum of the counter-angular displacement of the Hirth coupling and an angular displacement from a reference position which is measured by a laser interferometer with the target angular displacement of the object to be measured (Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 1994-502727).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, the conventional angle measuring techniques suffer from the disadvantages of longer measurement and the difficulty of improving measurement accuracy.

In the polygon mirror method, measurement is repeated while the phase angle between the angle of the polygon mirror and that of an object to be measured is varied. Indexing is manually performed by an operator, which requires a measurer to continue measurement work under tension for a long time without a break. Additionally, because of low resolution and the difficulty of keeping an apparatus stable for a long time, there is a limitation to improvement in measurement accuracy.

The Hirth coupling method requires the oscillating operation of rotating an object to be measured to a target angular displacement and then returning a reflecting mirror of a laser interferometer to the original position by counter-rotating the Hirth coupling by an amount corresponding to the target angular displacement, which results in longer overall measurement time. Additionally, since the accuracy of angle measurement depends on the resolution of gear teeth of the Hirth coupling, and a transmission error occurs in the gear teeth of the Hirth coupling when forward rotation and reverse rotation are repeated, there is a limitation to improvement in measurement accuracy.

A rotary encoder is known as a device which detects a rotation angle. Although a rotary encoder needs to be attached to a rotating shaft of an object to be measured with high accuracy in order to bring measurement accuracy within a tolerable range, actual high-accuracy attachment of a rotary encoder is not very easy. This hinders utilization of a rotary encoder.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and aims to provide an angle measuring method and an angle measuring apparatus capable of measuring a rotation angle with high accuracy in a short time.

In order to achieve the above-described object, according to the present invention, there is provided an angle measuring method using a rotary encoder including a body section, a rotating shaft which is freely rotatable with respect to the body section, a code section attached to the rotating shaft, and a read section fixed to the body section which reads a code of the code section, the angle measuring method including: regulating a displacement of a body section of the rotary encoder in a plane orthogonal to a rotating shaft of the rotary encoder within a fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity between a rotating shaft of an object to be measured which is rotationally driven and a rotating shaft of the rotary encoder attached to the rotating shaft of the object to be measured; measuring a rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder based on a code read by the read section of the rotary encoder; detecting a changed angle of the body section of the rotary encoder, the changed angle being an angle changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder is started; and correcting the rotation angle measured using the rotary encoder based on the detected changed angle of the body section of the rotary encoder. With this configuration, a measurement value from the rotary encoder is corrected with a changed angle of the body section of the rotary encoder. The rotation angle can thus be measured with higher accuracy in a shorter time than a conventional angle measuring technique using the polygon mirror method or the Hirth coupling method. Additionally, a tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity between the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder and the rotating shaft of the object to be measured can be made broader than a tolerable range specified for the rotary encoder, which makes attachment of the rotary encoder to the object to be measured much easier. That is, according to the present invention, rotation angle measurement can be performed with high accuracy in a short time using a rotary encoder, which contributes greatly to an increase in the production capacity of a machine tool or the like.

According to one aspect of the present invention, in the method, the regulating of displacement of the body section of the rotary encoder within the fixed allowance range is performed using a jig which locks the body section of the rotary encoder while tolerating the displacement of the body section of the rotary encoder within the fixed allowance range.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the method further including urging the body section of the rotary encoder in a gravity direction using a weight is attached to the body section of the rotary encoder.

Further, according to the present invention, there is also provided an angle measuring method using a rotary encoder including a body section, a rotating shaft which is freely rotatable with respect to the body section, a code section attached to the rotating shaft, and a read section fixed to the body section which reads a code of the code section, the angle measuring method including: regulating a displacement of a body section of the rotary encoder in a plane orthogonal to a rotating shaft of the rotary encoder within a fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity between a rotating shaft of an object to be measured which is rotationally driven and a rotating shaft of the rotary encoder attached to the rotating shaft of the object to be measured; measuring a rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder based on a code read by the read section of the rotary encoder; detecting a changed angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder, the changed angle being an angle changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the body section of the rotary encoder is started; and correcting the rotation angle measured using the rotary encoder based on the detected changed angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder. With this configuration, a measurement value from the rotary encoder is corrected with a changed angle of the body section of the rotary encoder. The rotation angle can thus be measured with higher accuracy in a shorter time than a conventional angle measuring technique using the polygon mirror method or the Hirth coupling method. Additionally, a tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity between the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder and the rotating shaft of the object to be measured can be made broader than a tolerable range specified for the rotary encoder, which makes attachment of the rotary encoder to the object to be measured much easier. That is, according to the present invention, rotation angle measurement can be performed with high accuracy in a short time using a rotary encoder, which contributes greatly to an increase in the production capacity of a machine tool or the like.

According to one aspect of the present invention, in the method, the regulating of displacement of the body section of the rotary encoder within the fixed allowance range is performed using a jig which locks the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder while tolerating the displacement of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder within the fixed allowance range.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the method further including urging the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder in a gravity direction using a weight attached to the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder.

According to the present invention, there is also provided an angle measuring system including: a rotary encoder including a body section, a rotating shaft which is freely rotatable with respect to the body section, the rotating shaft being attached to an object to be measured which is rotationally driven, a code section attached to the rotating shaft, and a read section fixed to the body section which reads a code of the code section; a regulation member which regulates displacement of the body section of the rotary encoder in a plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder to within a fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity of the rotating shaft of the object to be measured from the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder; a non-contact angle detecting device which detects, in a non-contact manner, a changed angle of the body section of the rotary encoder, the changed angle being an angle changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder is started; and a correction device which corrects a rotation angle corresponding to a code read by the read section of the rotary encoder on the basis of the changed angle of the body section of the rotary encoder detected by the non-contact angle detecting device.

In one aspect of the present invention, the regulation member includes a jig which locks the body section of the rotary encoder while tolerating the displacement of the body section of the rotary encoder within the fixed allowance range.

In one aspect of the present invention, the regulation member includes a weight which is attached to the body section of the rotary encoder to urge the body section of the rotary encoder in a gravity direction.

According to the present invention, there is also provided an angle measuring system including: a rotary encoder including a body section, a rotating shaft which is freely rotatable with respect to the body section, the rotating shaft being attached to an object to be measured which is rotationally driven, a code section attached to the rotating shaft, and a read section fixed to the body section which reads a code of the code section; a regulation member which regulates displacement of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder in a plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder to within a fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity between the rotating shaft of the object to be measured and the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder; a non-contact angle detecting device which detects, in a non-contact manner, a changed angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder, the changed angle being an angle changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the body section of the rotary encoder is started; and a correction device which corrects a rotation angle corresponding to a code read by the read section of the rotary encoder on the basis of the changed angle of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder detected by the non-contact angle detecting device.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the regulation member includes a jig which locks the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder while tolerating the displacement of the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder within the fixed allowance range.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the regulation member includes a weight which is attached to the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder to urge the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder in a gravity direction.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the non-contact angle detecting device includes first and second reflector elements set on the plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft of a part of the rotary encoder which is regulated by the regulation member, a laser light source, an interference optical system which splits a light beam emitted from the laser light source into a first light beam heading toward the first reflector element and a second light beam heading toward the second reflector element and causing a first reflected light beam reflected from the first reflector element and a second reflected light beam reflected from the second reflector element to interfere with each other, a phase difference detecting device which detects a phase difference between the first reflected light beam and the second reflected light beam caused by the interference optical system to interfere with each other, and an inclination angle calculating device which calculates an inclination angle of a straight line connecting corresponding points of the first reflector element and second reflector element on the basis of the phase difference between the first reflected light beam and the second reflected light beam detected by the phase difference detecting device and a difference in position between the first reflector element and the second reflector element.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the correction device figures out the sum of the rotation angle corresponding to the code read by the read section of the rotary encoder and the inclination angle calculated by the inclination angle calculating device.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the non-contact angle detecting device performs at least one of static measurement, in which the rotation angle is detected when rotation of the rotating shaft of the object to be measured is stopped, and dynamic measurement, in which the rotation angle is detected while the rotating shaft of the object to be measured is rotating.

The present invention allows measurement of a rotation angle with higher accuracy in a shorter time than the prior art. The present invention also makes attachment of a rotary encoder to an object to be measured much easier.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view of the overall configuration of an example of an angle measuring system according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a side view showing how a rotating shaft of a rotary encoder is attached to an object to be measured which is rotationally attached;

FIG. 3 is a front view showing how the rotating shaft of the rotary encoder is attached to the object to be measured which is rotationally attached;

FIG. 4 is a side view showing how an interference unit of a non-contact angle detecting device is arranged to directly confront corner cube prisms;

FIG. 5 is a front view showing how the interference unit of the non-contact angle detecting device is arranged to directly confront the corner cube prisms;

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an example of a case where displacement of an encoder body is regulated by a weight;

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a case where the object to be measured is arranged along a horizontal direction;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view used to describe an angle to be detected by the non-contact angle detecting device;

FIG. 9 is a view of the overall configuration of an example of an angle measuring system according to a second embodiment; and

FIG. 10 is a side view showing how an encoder body is attached to an object to be measured which is rotationally driven.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a view of the overall configuration of an example of an angle measuring system according to a first embodiment.

An angle measuring system 100 shown in FIG. 1 measures, using a rotary encoder 2, the rotation angle of a rotating shaft 1 a of an object 1 to be measured which is rotationally driven. The rotary encoder 2 includes an encoder body 2 a and a rotating shaft 3 which is freely rotatable with respect to the encoder body 2 a.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing how the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is attached to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured, and FIG. 3 is a front view thereof.

As shown in FIG. 2, a disc-like encoder 14 (code section) is attached to the rotating shaft 3 inside the encoder body 2 a. Graduations (codes) are marked on the entire circumference about the rotating shaft 3 of the encoder 14. The encoder 14 may be of the incremental type or of the absolute type. An encoder read head 13 (read section) which reads a graduation of the encoder 14 is fixed to the encoder body 2 a. The encoder read head 13 outputs a pulse signal (rotation angle signal) corresponding to a read graduation of the encoder 14. That is, a pulse signal corresponding to a variation in the rotation angle of the encoder body 2 a relative to the rotating shaft 3 is generated by the rotary encoder 2. Note that the encoder body 2 a may be of the coupling-containing type.

The rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is attached to the encoder body 2 a via a bearing 15 which is composed of, for example, a ball bearing. In the present embodiment, the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is removably attached to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured. After the attachment, the rotating shaft 3 is freely rotatable with respect to the encoder body 2 a via the bearing 15. For this reason, even if the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured rotates, a cable 16 which is connected to the rotary encoder body 2 a does not twine around the object 1 to be measured. The rotating shaft 3 according to the present embodiment includes an attaching section 3 a to be attached to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured. The rotating shaft 3 may be attached to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured via a special attachment.

The encoder body 2 a according to the present embodiment is arranged in a state in which motion (displacement) in a plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft 3 (hereinafter referred to as an “orthogonal plane”) is tolerated within a fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured from the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2, as will be described later. A tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 from the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured depends on attachment tolerances of a non-contact angle detecting device 20 (to be described later). Accordingly, the tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity is broader than a tolerable range specified for the rotary encoder 2, which makes attachment of the rotary encoder 2 to the object 1 to be measured much easier. Although an axial runout of the object 1 to be measured does not cause a measurement error, a side runout may cause a measurement error. A side runout is kept at or below a specified value which is calculated to suit target measurement accuracy.

The non-contact angle detecting device 20 includes an interference unit 4 (a rectangular prism 5 and a polarization beam splitter 6), corner cube prisms 7 (7 a and 7 b), a laser light source 10, a phase difference detecting head 11, and a data processing device 12. The non-contact angle detecting device 20 detects, in a non-contact manner, the inclination angle of the encoder body 2 a which is changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 3 using the rotary encoder 2 is started. Note that the rotation angle measurement may be static measurement, in which the rotation angle is detected when rotation of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured is stopped, or dynamic measurement, in which the rotation angle is detected while the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured is rotating. In static measurement, for example, a time point when rotation is started is a rotation angle measurement start point. In dynamic measurement, an arbitrary time point during rotation can be set as a rotation angle measurement start point.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing how the interference unit 4 is arranged, and FIG. 5 is a front view thereof.

As shown in FIG. 5, the pair of corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b (reflector elements) are set on the orthogonal plane (a plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft 3) of the encoder body 2 a. The interference unit 4 (interference optical system) is arranged to directly confront the pair of corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b.

As shown in FIG. 1, the interference unit 4 includes the rectangular prism 5 and polarization beam splitter 6. The interference unit 4 splits a laser light beam emitted from the laser light source 10 into a first laser light beam heading toward the first corner cube prism 7 a and a second laser light beam heading toward the second corner cube prism 7 b. The first laser light beam having passed through the polarization beam splitter 6 directly strikes the first corner cube prism 7 a. The first laser light beam (first reflected laser light beam) reflected by the first corner cube prism 7 a returns directly to the polarization beam splitter 6. The second laser light beam reflected at right angles by the polarization beam splitter 6 is further reflected at a right angle by the rectangular prism 5 and strikes the second corner cube prism 7 b. The second laser light beam (second reflected light beam) reflected by the second corner cube prism 7 b is reflected at right angles by the rectangular prism 5 and returns to the polarization beam splitter 6. That is, the interference unit 4 causes the first and second laser light beams parallel to each other to strike the first and second corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b, respectively, and causes the first and second reflected light beams that are reflected from the first and second corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b and return to interfere with each other. Accordingly, interference fringes are generated from the first and second reflected light beams with different optical path lengths by the interference unit 4.

The polarization beam splitter 6 is arranged such that a part (the first laser light beam) of the laser light beam emitted from the laser light source 10 passes through the polarization beam splitter 6 to perpendicularly strike an entrance surface of the first corner cube prism 7 a. The rectangular prism 5 is arranged such that the second laser light beam having passed through the rectangular prism 5 is parallel to the first laser light beam.

The phase difference detecting head 11 (phase difference detecting device) receives interfering light which is composed of the first reflected light beam and second reflected light beam with the different optical path lengths and detects the phase difference between the reflected light beams (the first and second reflected light beams) from the first and second corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b. In the present embodiment, the optical length difference (phase difference) between the length of the optical path of the first laser light beam (solid lines in FIG. 1) and that of the optical path of the second laser light beam (dotted lines in FIG. 1) is detected by counting the interference fringes.

Note that when the interference unit 4 directly confronts the corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b, even if the corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b move by about 1 mm in each of all of directions orthogonal to a laser light beam, a reduction in the amplitude of an interference signal measured by the phase difference detecting head 11 can be brought within a tolerable range. A tolerable range for the positional deviation depends on the beam diameter of the laser light source 10, the performance of the phase difference detecting head 11, and the like. The tolerable range for a positional displacement of each corner cube prism 7 a or 7 b is a tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity of the rotating shaft 1 a from the rotating shaft 3, which makes attachment of the rotary encoder 2 much easier.

For example, a He—Ne laser is used as the laser light source 10. Even without wavelength stabilization, measurement accuracy is not much affected. Use of optical fibers for coupling the laser light source 10 and the interference unit 4 makes attachment work very easy. The phase difference detecting head 11 may adopt fringe counting technology (system) using a Michelson interferometer or heterodyne technology (system). If heterodyne technology is adopted, the laser light source 10 needs to emit orthogonally polarized two-frequency light. For example, a Zeeman laser or an AOM (acoustooptic element) is used.

The data processing device 12 includes a computer device such as a personal computer.

The rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured is rotationally driven using a drive device (not shown) (e.g., a motor). A pulse signal (rotation angle signal) outputted from the rotary encoder 2 is sent to a rotation angle detecting section 9 via the cable 16. The rotation angle detecting section 9 converts the pulse signal into a rotation angle (hereinafter designated by reference characters “θ1”) and sends the rotation angle θ1 to the data processing device 12. A phase difference signal indicating a phase difference (optical path length difference) between the first laser light beam and the second laser light beam outputted from the phase difference detecting head 11 is sent to the data processing device 12 via a cable 21. The data processing device 12 constitutes a part (inclination angle calculating device) of the non-contact angle detecting device 20 and calculates an inclination angle (hereinafter designated by reference characters “θ2”) of a straight line 70 connecting a vertex 70 a of the first corner cube prism 7 a and a vertex 70 b of the second corner cube prism 7 b as shown in FIG. 8 using a trigonometric function on the basis of the phase difference signal outputted from the phase difference detecting head 11 and the difference in position (interval) between a vertex of the first corner cube prism 7 a and a vertex of the second corner cube prism 7 b. The inclination angle θ2 obtained from the non-contact angle detecting device 20 has a higher resolution (a smaller resolution pitch) than the rotation angle θ1 obtained from the rotary encoder 2 and rotation angle detecting section 9.

The data processing device 12 corrects the rotation angle θ1 (the rotation angle of the encoder body 2 a relative to the rotating shaft 3) on the basis of the inclination angle θ2 (the inclination angle of a part of the rotary encoder 2 whose motion is regulated). That is, the data processing device 12 corrects the rotation angle θ1 that is measured using the rotary encoder 2 on the basis of the inclination angle θ2 of the straight line connecting the corresponding points of the corner cube prisms 7 a and 7 b. The data processing device 12 according to the present embodiment corrects the rotation angle θ1 by figuring out the sum of the angles θ1 and θ2 (θ1+θ2).

A specific example of a regulation member will be described.

In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, motion of the encoder body 2 a is regulated by a rotation stopping jig 8. In the rotation stopping jig 8, locking tabs 8 a and 8 b lock an extending rod 2 b which is provided at the encoder body 2 a. The width of a gap between the two locking tabs 8 a and 8 b corresponds to the tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity. With this configuration, motion of the encoder body 2 a is regulated to at least within a measurable range for the non-contact angle detecting device 20.

In static measurement at measurement points, variations in measurement value from the rotary encoder 2 and non-contact angle detecting device 20 are required to be kept sufficiently smaller than required for target measurement accuracy. Static measurement is often performed at the time of measurement of indexing accuracy. In this case, the measurement is performed while rotation and suspension of rotation of the object to be measured are repeated for each fixed angle. In measurement value acquisition, measurement values are assumed to be sufficiently stable to the target measurement accuracy. The rotational speed of the object 1 to be measured depends especially on the performance of the rotary encoder 2 and non-contact angle detecting device 20, and measurement can be generally performed during high-speed rotation. Similarly, the measurement solution is generally more excellent than the method using a polygon mirror and an autocollimator (polygon mirror method), the method using a Hirth coupling and a laser interferometer (Hirth coupling method), and the like.

Note that if the performance of the bearing 15 is excellent, and the encoder body 2 a is not made to rotate by rotation of the object 1 to be measured, the rotation stopping jig 8 may be omitted. That is, the bearing 15 itself can function as a regulation member which regulates motion of the encoder body 2 a, depending on the performance of the bearing 15.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a case where motion of the encoder body 2 a is regulated by a weight 17. As shown in FIG. 6, the weight 17 is attached to the encoder body 2 a and is hanged down in a gravity direction. The encoder body 2 a is urged in the gravity direction by the weight 17, and motion of the encoder body 2 a is regulated to within the fixed allowance range.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a case where the object 1 to be measured is arranged along a horizontal direction.

If the rotation stopping jig 8 is weakly magnetized, the position of the encoder body 2 a is easier to settle, and the measurement is easier. This case is especially effective in the case in FIG. 7 where the object 1 to be measured is horizontally arranged.

Note that although FIGS. 1 and 7 and the like show cases using the rotation stopping jig 8, and FIG. 6 shows a case using the weight 17, both may be used as regulation members. Alternatively, any other regulation member (e.g., a magnetic body which regulates motion by magnetic force) may be used.

As described above, in an angle measuring method according to the first embodiment, the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is attached to the rotating shaft la of the object 1 to be measured that is rotationally driven, motion (displacement) of the rotary encoder body 2 a in the orthogonal plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is regulated to within the fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured from the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2. The rotation angle θ1 of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is detected (measured) on the basis of a code read by the encoder read head 13, and the inclination angle θ2 of the encoder body 2 a changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is started is detected by the non-contact angle detecting device 20. The rotation angle θ1 is corrected on the basis of the inclination angle θ2.

This configuration makes it possible to measure a rotation angle with high accuracy in a short time. More specifically, firstly, angle measurement using the rotary encoder 2 can omit manual work of an operator required for the conventional polygon mirror method and oscillation operation involving reverse rotation as in the Hirth coupling method. This allows not only high-accuracy measurement but also a reduction in overall measurement time. Secondly, since a measurement value from the rotary encoder 2 is corrected with a measurement value from the non-contact angle detecting device 20, further improved measurement accuracy can be achieved. Thirdly, since the tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 from the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured can be made broader than the tolerable range specified for the rotary encoder 2, attachment of the rotary encoder 2 to the object 1 to be measured is much easier and requires a shorter time. For example, if the non-contact angle detecting device 20 is not concurrently used, an attachment accuracy of about 100 μm is required. If the non-contact angle detecting device 20 of the laser interferometric type is concurrently used, the required attachment accuracy can be lowered to about 1 mm, which results in extension of the tolerable range for the amount of eccentricity.

SECOND EMBODIMENT

FIG. 9 is a view of the overall configuration of an example of an angle measuring system according to a second embodiment. The same components in FIG. 9 as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 are designated by the same reference numerals. A description of the matters described in the first embodiment will be omitted, and differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described below.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is attached to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured in the first embodiment. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 10, an encoder body 2 a is attached to a rotating shaft 1 a of an object 1 to be measured.

In FIG. 10, an attachment 18 is an intervening member for attaching the encoder body 2 a to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured and protects a rotating shaft 3 of a rotary encoder 2 such that the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is not much affected by rotation of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured.

A rotation stopping jig 8 according to the present embodiment locks the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 while tolerating motion (displacement) of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 in an orthogonal plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 within a fixed allowance range.

Corner cube prisms 7 (7 a and 7 b) according to the present embodiment are attached to the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2. Like the first embodiment, the corner cube prisms 7 are arranged to directly confront an interference unit 4. Rotational movement of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is detected in a non-contact manner using the interference unit 4 and a phase difference detecting head 11.

Unlike the first embodiment, the load of the encoder body 2 a is not placed on the rotating shaft 3 in the present embodiment, and the rotating shaft 3 only needs to bear the load of the relative light corner cube prisms 7. Therefore, the rotating shaft 3 and a bearing 15 can be made smaller, and a weight reduction can be achieved. Accordingly, the configuration of the present embodiment is more suitable, depending on the mountable weight of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured. On the other hand, care must be taken to ensure that a cable connected to the encoder body 2 a does not wind around the rotary encoder 2 when the encoder body 2 a rotates.

In the second embodiment, the encoder body 2 a is attached to the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured that is rotationally driven, and motion (displacement) of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 in the orthogonal plane orthogonal to the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is regulated to within the fixed allowance range so as to tolerate eccentricity of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured from the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2. A rotation angle of the encoder body 2 a is detected (measured) on the basis of the code read by an encoder read head 13, and an inclination angle of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 which is changed from a time point when measurement of the rotation angle of the encoder body 2 a is started is detected by a non-contact angle detecting device 20. A rotation angle θ1 which is detected (measured) using the rotary encoder 2 is corrected on the basis of a changed inclination angle θ2 of the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 detected by the non-contact angle detecting device 20.

Note that although the above-described first and second embodiments have been described in the context of a case using an optical rotary encoder as a rotary encoder, another rotary encoder such as a magnetic one may be used, of course.

The first and second embodiments have been described in the context of a case where a so-called laser gauge interferometer is used as a non-contact angle detecting device. However, any other detection device can be employed as long as the device can perform angle measurement in a non-contact manner with high accuracy. For example, an autocollimator or a level may be used.

The above-described rotation angle measurement may be dynamic measurement. In an angle measuring method and an angle measuring system according to the present invention, at least one of static measurement, in which the rotation angle is detected when rotation of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured is stopped, and dynamic measurement, in which the rotation angle is detected while the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured is rotating, is performed. In dynamic measurement, the non-contact angle detecting device 20 that is used together with the rotary encoder 2 is required to produce an output in real time.

A case where the rotation angle θ1 is corrected using only the inclination angle θ2 has been described as an example in order to simply describe the present invention. However, the correction may be performed on the basis of any other measurement value, of course. That is, the present invention is configured such that the rotation angle θ1 is corrected on the basis of at least the inclination angle θ2. For example, the amount of eccentricity of the rotating shaft 1 a of the object 1 to be measured from the rotating shaft 3 of the rotary encoder 2 is detected, and the rotation angle θ1 is corrected on the basis of the detected amount of eccentricity and the inclination angle θ2.

An object to be measured is not limited to the shapes shown in the drawings. For example, the object to be measured may be in the shape of a disc. A rotating shaft of an object to be measured to which the rotary encoder 2 is to be attached need not be a shaft-like one which is specially formed. For example, a rotation center of an object to be measured may be set as a rotating shaft of the object to be measured, and a rotary encoder may be attached to the rotation center.

The present invention is not limited to examples described in the present specification and examples shown in the drawings. It will be appreciated that various design changes and improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Below are examples of variations of design changes and improvements.

(Variation 1) An angle measuring system comprising:

-   -   a relative angle detecting device which includes: an unactuated         rotating body which is freely rotatable in a state where whose         rotatable angle is regulated within a predetermined angle range;         and an actuated rotating body which is rotatably shaft-supported         by the unactuated rotating body and is driven by a driving unit,         the relative angle detecting device which detects a relative         rotation angle of the actuated rotating body with respect to the         unactuated rotating body; and     -   an absolute angle detecting device which detects an absolute         rotation angle of the unactuated rotating body without         contacting to the unactuated rotating body.

(Variation 2) The angle measuring system according to Variation 1, wherein the absolute angle detecting device detects the absolute rotation angle of the unactuated rotating body concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle by the relative angle detecting device.

(Variation 3) The angle measuring system according to Variation 1 or Variation 2, further comprising

-   -   a correction device which corrects the rotation angle detected         by the relative angle detecting device based on the rotation         angle detected by the absolute angle detecting device.

(Variation 4) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation 1 to Variation 3, wherein the relative angle detecting device is a rotary encoder.

(Variation 5) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation 1 to Variation 4, wherein the absolute angle detecting device is a one which uses a laser interferometer.

(Variation 6) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation 1 to Variation 5, further comprising

-   -   a regulation member which regulates the absolute rotation angle         of the unactuated rotating body within a certain range.

(Variation 7) The angle measuring system according to Variation 6, wherein the regulation member includes a weight member which urges a reference position of the unactuated rotating body downward in a gravity direction.

(Variation 8) An angle measuring method using a rotary encoder comprising:

-   -   a relative angle detecting step of detecting a relative rotation         angle of an actuated rotating body with respect to an unactuated         rotating body which is freely rotatable in a state where whose         rotatable angle is regulated within a predetermined angle range,         the actuated rotating body which is rotatably shaft-supported by         the unactuated rotating body and is driven by a driving unit;         and     -   an absolute angle detecting step of detecting an absolute         rotation angle of the unactuated rotating body without         contacting to the unactuated rotating body.

(Variation 9) The angle measuring method according to Variation 8, wherein at the absolute angle detecting step, the absolute rotation angle of the unactuated rotating body is detected concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle at the relative angle detecting step.

(Variation 10) The angle measuring method according to Variation 8 or Variation 9, further comprising

-   -   a correction step of correcting the rotation angle detected at         the relative angle detecting step based on the rotation angle         detected at the absolute angle detecting step.

(Variation A1) An angle measuring system comprising:

-   -   a relative angle detecting device which includes: a support         reference body whose rotation is limited to within a certain         range; and an actuated rotating body which is shaft-supported so         as to be entire-circumferentially rotatable with respect to the         support reference body, the relative angle detecting device         which continuously detects a relative rotation angle of the         rotating body with respect to the support reference body; and     -   an optical angle detecting device which optically detects a         rotation angle of the support reference body separately from the         rotating body and the support reference body.

(Variation A2) The angle measuring system according to Variation Al, wherein the optical angle detecting device detects the rotation angle of the support reference body concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle by the relative angle detecting device.

(Variation A3) The angle measuring system according to Variation Al or Variation A2, further comprising

-   -   a correction device which corrects the rotation angle detected         by the relative angle detecting device based on the rotation         angle detected by the optical angle detecting device.

(Variation A4) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation Al to Variation A3, wherein the relative angle detecting device is a rotary encoder.

(Variation A5) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation Al to

Variation A4, wherein the optical angle detecting device is a one which uses a laser interferometer.

(Variation A6) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation Al to Variation A5, further comprising

-   -   a regulation member which regulates the rotation angle of the         support reference body within a certain range.

(Variation A7) The angle measuring system according to Variation A6, wherein the regulation member includes a weight member which urges a reference position of the support reference body downward in a gravity direction.

(Variation A8) An angle measuring method comprising:

-   -   a relative angle detecting step of detecting a relative rotation         angle between a support reference body whose rotation is limited         to within a certain range and an actuated rotating body which is         shaft-supported so as to be entire-circumferentially rotatable         with respect to the support reference body;     -   an optical angle detecting step of optically detecting a         rotation angle of the support reference body separately from the         rotating body and the support reference body.

(Variation A9) The angle measuring method according to Variation A8, wherein at the optical angle detecting step, the rotation angle of the support reference body is detected concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle at the relative angle detecting step.

(Variation A10) The angle measuring method according to Variation A8 or Variation A9, further comprising

-   -   a correction step of correcting the rotation angle detected at         the relative angle detecting step based on the rotation angle         detected at the optical angle detecting step.

(Variation B1) An angle measuring system comprising:

-   -   a rotary encoder which detects a relative rotation angle of a         rotating body with respect to a reference body;     -   a laser interferometric detecting device which detects a         rotation angle of the reference body separately from the         reference body and the rotating body.

(Variation B2) The angle measuring system according to Variation B1, wherein the laser interferometric detecting device detects the rotation angle of the reference body concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle by the rotary encoder.

(Variation B3) The angle measuring system according to Variation B1 or Variation B2, further comprising

-   -   a correction device which corrects the relative rotation angle         detected by the rotary encoder based on the rotation angle         detected by the laser inteferometric detecting device.

(Variation B4) The angle measuring system according to any one of Variation B1 to Variation B3, further comprising

-   -   a regulation member which regulates the rotation angle of the         reference body within a certain range.

(Variation B5) The angle measuring system according to Variation B4, wherein the regulation member includes a weight member which urges a reference position of the reference body downward in a gravity direction.

(Variation B6) An angle measuring method for an angle measuring system including a rotary encoder which detects a relative rotation angle of a rotating body with respect to a reference body and a laser interferometric detecting device which detects a rotation angle of the reference body separately from the reference body and the rotating body, the angle measuring method comprising:

-   -   a first detecting step of detecting the relative rotation angle         of the rotating body with respect to the reference body by the         rotary encoder;     -   a second detecting step of detecting the rotation angle of the         reference body by the laser interferometric detecting device.

(Variation B7) The angle measuring method according to Variation B6, wherein at the second detecting step, the rotation angle of the reference body is detected concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle at the first detecting step.

(Variation B8) The angle measuring method according to Variation B6 or Variation B7, further comprising

-   -   a correction step of correcting the rotation angle detected at         the first detecting step based on the rotation angle detected at         the second detecting step. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A rotation angle measuring system comprising: a rotary encoder which is configured to detect a relative rotation angle of a rotating body with respect to a reference body, the rotating body being configured to be relatively rotatable with respect to the reference body and rotationally driven by a motor, the rotating body being closely and rotatably connected to the reference body with a bearing; and an optical interferometric angle detecting device which is configured to optically detect a rotation angle of the reference body from a stationary position separated from the rotating body and the rotating body rotationally driven.
 2. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body is configured to be all-round rotatable with respect to the reference body, and the rotary encoder continuously detects the relative rotation angle of the rotating body with reference to the reference body.
 3. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the optical interferometric angle detecting device detects the rotation angle of the reference body concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle by the rotary encoder.
 4. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the rotary encoder detects the relative rotation angle of the rotating body while the rotating body is rotated; and the optical interferometric angle detecting device detects the rotation angle of the reference body concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle detected by the rotary encoder.
 5. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 1, further comprising a correction device configured to correct the rotation angle detected by the rotary encoder based on the rotation angle detected by the optical interferometric angle detecting device.
 6. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the optical interferometric angle detecting device is a laser interferometric detecting device configured to optically detect the rotation angle of the reference body using laser interference.
 7. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 1, further comprising a regulation member configured to regulate the rotation angle of the reference body within a fixed range.
 8. The rotation angle measuring system according to claim 7, wherein the regulation member includes a weight member which urges a reference position of the reference body vertically downward.
 9. A rotation angle measuring method, comprising: detecting, using a rotary encoder, a relative rotation angle of a rotating body with respect to a reference body, the rotating body being configured to be relatively rotatable with respect to the reference body and rotationally driven by a motor, the rotating body being closely and rotatably connected to the reference body with a bearing; and optically detecting, using an optical interferometric angle detecting device, a rotation angle of the reference body from a stationary position separated from the rotating body and the rotating body rotationally driven.
 10. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 9, wherein the rotating body is configured to be all-round rotatable with respect to the reference body, and the detection of the relative rotation angle of the rotating body is continuously performed.
 11. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 9, wherein the detection of the rotation angle of the reference body is performed concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle of the rotating body.
 12. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 9, wherein the detection of the relative rotation angle of the rotating body is performed while the rotating body is rotated; and the detection of the rotation angle of the reference body is performed concurrently with the detection of the relative rotation angle of the rotating body.
 13. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 9, further comprising correcting the relative rotation angle of the rotating body based on the rotation angle of the reference body.
 14. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 9, wherein the optical interferometric angle detecting device is a laser interferometric detecting device which optically detects the rotation angle of the reference body using laser interference.
 15. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 9, further comprising regulating, using a regulation member, the rotation angle of the reference body within a fixed range.
 16. The rotation angle measuring method according to claim 15, wherein the regulation member includes a weight member which urges a reference position of the reference body vertically downward. 